Empty Outline: – Due Sunday

Cellular Respiration

Use Chapter 9 as a Reference

Directions:

• Complete using your textbook to find answers to the following questions. Next week we will spend going over this information and answering any questions that come up. Good luck and have fun!

Outline Grading Criteria

• Outline shows a conscientious effort to be complete and explain the questions posed. Most answers are correct.
• Student shows depth of answers by explaining, defining, and giving examples where appropriate. If there is a sentence or less for each question, this grading criteria is not met.

Questions:

1. What happens to the ATP produced during aerobic or anaerobic respiration? (i.e. For what processes is ATP used for in cells?)

2. Is this process exergonic or endergonic. Explain.

3. The term redox (reaction) is an abbreviation for two processes. What are they? Describe each. Why are these processes coupled together, always?

4. Name the basic steps of the cellular respiration (three of them) and tell where in the cell each occurs.

a) Name Where

b) Name Where

c) Name Where

A closer look at Glycolysis

5. Give the summary equation for glycolysis as seen in figure 9.8 on page 165. Look at the complete process of glycolysis shown on pages 166 and 167. I don’t expect you to remember the entire process, but want you to know that it is a 10 step, complex process. I want you to know the summary diagram on page 165 (figure 9.8). I also want you to know that there are two phases to glycolysis: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase.

6. Use your student CD. Go to chapter 9. Click on activities in the menu of options on the left side of your screen. Choose the glycolysis activity. This is an overview of the process. What has watching this added to your knowledge of glycolysis?

7. What is the resulting molecule of glycolysis? How many carbons is each molecule made of? How many molecules was glucose made of? Have you lost any glucose?

8. What molecules are the product of glycolysis?

9. Glucose is oxidized during glycolysis. What molecule has been reduced? In other words, what molecule collects the electrons (reduced) that have been stripped off of the glucose molecule (oxidized)?

A closer look at the Kreb’s cycle

10. There is an intermediate step between glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle. It is explained by figure 9.10 and the first paragraph on page 168. Describe how pyruvic acid – a three carbon molecule - (each of the two that was derived from glycolysis) becomes acetyl CoA.

11. The complete Kreb’s cycle is shown in figure 9.12. I would like you to know the summary of Kreb’s cycle shown in figure 9.11 on page 168. Diagram that cycle here.

12. What are the reactants for the Kreb’s cycle?

13. What are the products of the Kreb’s cycle for each pyruvic acid that enters? For each glucose molecule that entered glycolysis?

14. What is being oxidized and what is being reduced during the Kreb’s cycle?

15. Use your student CD. Go to chapter 9. Click on activities in the menu of options on the left side of your screen. Choose the Kreb’s cycle activity. This is an overview of the process. What has watching this added to your knowledge of Kreb’s cycle?

A closer look at the Electron Transport System

16. Where does the electron transport system occur in a cell?

17. Describe the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membrane by:

a) What molecules drop off electrons onto the chain

b) Where did these molecules get their electrons to drop off

c) What do these molecules do after they have dropped of the electrons

d) What happens to the electrons once they have entered the electron

transport system

e) What molecule picks up the electrons at the end of the chain and

f) What does that molecule become after it picks up the electrons?

19. How is the above (question 18) an example of redox reactions?

20. The movement of electrons from molecule to molecule – is that an exergonic or endergonic reaction?

21. The energy generated by this reaction is used for what purpose?

22. Now that there is a H+ gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, what happens to H+ that causes ATP to be formed?

23. How many ATP are formed by one glucose molecule?

24.  Use your student CD. Go to chapter 9. Click on activities in the menu of options on the left side of your screen. Choose the Electron Transport System activity. This is an overview of the process. What has watching this added to your knowledge of ETS?

25. What is the function (the end goal) of cellular respiration?

26. What will happen if there is no oxygen in a cell? Can a cell still make ATP to do work?

27. There are two ways that cells can make ATP if no oxygen is present. Discuss them here (alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation).

28. Give the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration and explain in your own words why almost all organisms do this.