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Cell Division

Use Chapter 12 (Mitosis) and Chapter 13 (Meiosis) as a Reference

Directions:

• Complete using your textbook to find answers to the following questions. Next week we will spend going over this information and answering any questions that come up. Good luck and have fun!

Outline Grading Criteria

• Outline shows a conscientious effort to be complete and explain the questions posed. Most answers are correct.
• Student shows depth of answers by explaining, defining, and giving examples where appropriate. If there is a sentence or less for each question, this grading criteria is not met.

1. Basic terms you should know: (define each in your own words). Before you complete this question you would benefit by looking at your student CD, chapter 12, activity 1 (Role of cell division).

Sex chromosome:

Autosome:

Haploid:

Diploid:

Homologous chromosomes (homologues):

Gamete:

Gonad:

Somatic cell:

Sister chromatids:

Centromere:

Mitosis:

Cytokinesis:

2. Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell. How many came from their mother and how many came from their father? How does this relate to the definition of homologous chromosomes?

3. Define mitosis and cytokinesis and give the overall purpose for these in living organisms.

4. The following questions deal with the organization of the genetic material within a cell. Make simple sketches to help you visualize the various structures as you answer these questions. Note: You may find fig. 19.1 on page 355 helpful when trying to visualize the packing, folding, and coiling of chromatin.

· What is chromatin?

· How is chromatin related to a chromosome?

· The length of a single chromosome is several thousand times the diameter of the cell containing it. How is it possible to fit such large structures into a cell?

· What are sister chromatids? What connects them?

• Do all cells in your body have the same number of chromosomes? Explain why.

• What are homologous chromosomes?

• What is the difference between a sister chromatid and a chromosome?

• Is the structure only called a chromosome when it is made up of two sister chromatids? Explain.

5. List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase. Use the student CD, chapter 12, activity 2 (The cell cycle), more important is activity 3(Mitosis and cytokinesis animation). Great review!

6. Make a simplified diagram of mitosis and cytokinesis in a plant or animal cell. Put just 2 pairs of chromosomes in your starting cell.

a)Include and Label: prophase, metaphase, anaphase , telophase, cytokinesis, nuclear envelope, plasma membrane, centromere, kinetochore, spindle fibers/microtubules, duplicated chromosome, sister chromatids, cleavage furrow or cell plate.

7. What happens to DNA during interphase?

8. How do the daughter cells compare to the original starting cell?

9. Where does this process occur in your body?

10. Make a simplified diagram meiosis starting with a cell containing 3 pairs of chromosomes. Use the student CD, chapter 13, activity 2 (meiosis animation) for a great intro or review of meiosis!

· Include and Label: Each stage of meiosis I & II and indicate if a cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n); plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, sister chromatids, separation of sister chromatids, spindle fibers/microtubules, tetrad, homologous chromosomes, separation of homologous chromosomes, cleavage furrow.

· What happens to the DNA during the interphase in preparation for meiosis?

· What happens to the DNA during the interphase between meiosis I and II?

· How do the daughter cells compare genetically to the parent cell after....

a) meiosis I?

b) meiosis II?

· What is the diploid number for the species diagrammed above? 2n =

The haploid number? n =