Cellular Respiration
Use Chapter 9 as a Reference
Directions:
- Complete using
your textbook to find answers to the following questions. Next week we will spend going over this
information and answering any questions that come up. Good luck and have fun!
Outline Grading Criteria
- Outline shows a conscientious effort to be complete and explain the
questions posed. Most answers are
correct.
- Student shows depth of answers by explaining, defining, and giving
examples where appropriate. If there
is a sentence or less for each question, this grading criteria is not met.
Questions:
- Give the overall
chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration and explain in your own
words why almost all organisms do this.
- What happens to the ATP produced during aerobic or anaerobic
respiration? (i.e. For what
processes is ATP used for in cells?)
- Is this process exergonic or endergonic.
Explain.
- The term redox (reaction) is an
abbreviation for two processes.
What are they? Describe each. Why are these processes coupled
together, always?
5. Name the basic steps of the cellular
respiration (three of them) and tell where in the cell each occurs.
a) Name Where
b) Name Where
c) Name Where
A
closer look at Glycolysis
- Give the summary equation for glycolysis as seen in figure 9.8 on page 161. Look at the complete process of glycolysis shown on pages 162 and 163. I don’t expect you to remember the
entire process, but want you to know that it is a 10 step, complex
process. I want you to know the
summary diagram on page 161 (figure 9.8).
I also want you to know that there are two phases to glycolysis: the
energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase.
- Use your student CD. Go to chapter 9. Click on activities in the menu
of options on the left side of your screen. Choose the glycolysis
activity. This is an overview of
the process. What has watching this
added to your knowledge of glycolysis?
- What is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation
and substrate level phosphorylation? Why do you think the term phosphorylation explains the synthesis of ATP?
- What is the resulting molecule of glycolysis? How
many carbons is each molecule made of?
How many molecules was glucose made of? Have you lost any glucose?
- During glycolysis
does oxidative phosphorylation or substrate
level phosphorylation occur? Explain.
- What molecules are the product of glycolysis?
- Glucose is oxidized during glycolysis.
What molecule has been reduced?
In other words, what molecule collects the electrons (reduced) that
have been stripped off of the glucose molecule (oxidized)?
A
closer look at the Kreb’s cycle
-
There is an intermediate step between glycolysis
and the Kreb’s cycle. It is explained by figure 9.10 and the
first paragraph on page 164.
Describe how pyruvic acid – a three
carbon molecule - (each of the two that was derived from glycolysis) becomes acetyl CoA.
- The complete Kreb’s
cycle is shown in figure 9.11. I
would like you to know the summary of Kreb’s
cycle shown in figure 9.12 on page 166.
Diagram that cycle here.
- What are the reactants for the Kreb’s cycle?
- What are the products of the Kreb’s cycle for each pyruvic
acid that enters? For each glucose
molecule that entered glycolysis?
- What is being oxidized and what is being
reduced during the Kreb’s cycle?
- Use your student CD. Go to chapter 9. Click on activities in the menu
of options on the left side of your screen. Choose the Kreb’s
cycle activity. This is an
overview of the process. What has
watching this added to your knowledge of Kreb’s
cycle?
A
closer look at the Electron Transport System
-
Where does the electron transport system occur in a cell?
18. Describe the electron transport chain in the
mitochondrial membrane by:
a) what molecules drop off electrons onto the chain
b) where did these molecules get their electrons to drop
off
c)
what do these molecules do after they have dropped of the electrons
d)
what happens to the electrons once they have entered the electron
transport system
e)
what molecule picks up the electrons at the end of the chain and
f)
what does that molecule become after it picks up the electrons?
19.
How is the above (question 18) an example of redox
reactions?
- The movement of electrons from molecule
to molecule – is that an exergonic or endergonic reaction?
- The energy generated by this reaction is
used for what purpose?
- Now that there is a H+ gradient across
the mitochondrial membrane, what happens to H+ that causes ATP to be
formed?
- How many ATP are formed by one glucose
molecule?
- Use your student CD. Go to chapter 9. Click on activities in the menu
of options on the left side of your screen. Choose the Electron Transport System
activity. This is an overview of
the process. What has watching this
added to your knowledge of ETS?
- What is the function (the end goal) of
cellular respiration?
- What will happen if there is no oxygen in
a cell? Can a cell still make ATP
to do work?
- There are two ways that cells can make
ATP if no oxygen is present.
Discuss them here (alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation).