Due Sunday by midnight
Use Chapters 2 and 5
as reference
Directions:
- Complete using your textbook to
find answers to the following questions.
Next week we will spend going over this information and answering any
questions that come up. Good luck
and have fun!
Outline
Grading Criteria
- Outline shows a conscientious effort to
be complete and explain the questions posed. Most answers are correct.
- Student
shows depth of answers by explaining, defining, and giving examples where
appropriate. If there is a sentence
or less for each question, this grading criteria
is not met.
Empty Outline 2:
Chemistry and Organic Molecules
Chemistry
Review: Reference Chapter 2
Atoms: the smallest unit of matter
Use your student CD to learn and review
these concepts. I will refer to the CD
throughout the quarter.
To install your CD, place it in your CD
drive in your computer, go to my computer and then double click on the drive that you
just placed the CD into. To launch the
CD the first time, you will be asked to enter your access code. You will find the access code on the first
page of your textbook ? right
under the CD itself. There are
directions on how to log on to www.campbellbiology.com. Follow those directions.
- Go to Chapter 2 on the student CD. Click on activities on the left margin
of the screen. Choose Structure of
the Atomic nucleus. Complete the
activity to review what you have read on atoms.
- Go to the next activity Electron arrangement and
complete this activity. These will
help you answer these first few questions.
- Name and describe the three subatomic particles that
makeup atoms.
Name Location
in atom Charge
- Draw an atomic diagram for each atom described below
(include components of the nucleus and correct number of electrons in each
shell):
a) Carbon (6 protons; 6 neutrons; 6 electrons)
b) Hydrogen (1 proton; 1 electron)
c)
Chlorine (17 protons; 18 neutrons; 17
electrons)
- Define Mass
number:
- As you look at the periodic table of the elements what
do the two numbers in each box tell you?
- What is an electron shell? How many electrons are in the first
shell? Second? Third?
- What if the outer shell is not full of electrons?
Bonds
between Atoms
- Define the term chemical bond:
- What is a covalent bond?
- Show an electron diagram of a covalent bond
between 2 hydrogen atoms.
- Why would two hydrogen atoms want to form a bond
with each other? Are they stable
now? Why weren?t they stable before?
- What is
a double covalent bond?
- Show an electron diagram of a double covalent bond
between two oxygen atoms.
- Why would two oxygen atoms want to form a double
covalent bond?
- What is the difference between a polar covalent bond
and a non-polar covalent bond?
- Why is water (H2O) a good example of a polar covalent bond?
- Define a hydrogen bond. The last acvitiy
on your student CD for chapter 2 discusses hydrogen bonds.
- Explain/diagram how water is also a good example of a
hydrogen bond.
- Describe the difference between an atom
and an ion.
- Describe/define what an ionic bond is.
- Explain how NaCl (salt) is a
good example of an ionic bond.
- Differentiate between an atom and a molecule.
Organic Molecules:
Reference Chapter 5
- What is the difference between an organic molecule
and an inorganic molecule and give some example of each.
- What is a biological molecule?
- What are
the 4 major groups of biological molecules in living things?
1.
2.
3.
4.
25. What is a
polymer? Monomer?
26. Discuss the
difference between the processes of dehydration synthesis (condensation
reactions) and hydrolysis.
- Why are lipids water insoluble? Explain using chemical properties of
lipids.
- Draw the
structure of the glycerol part of a lipid.
Next, add to your drawing to create a saturated fat. Then draw an unsaturated fat. So, what is the chemical difference
between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Why would saturated fats hold more calories and therefore, be worse
for you?
- Draw the
structure of the glycerol part of a lipid again. Now add to your drawing to create a phospholipid.
Explain, based on your drawing why the phosphate head of your
phospholipids is polar. Explain,
based on your drawing why the fatty acid tails are non-polar molecules.
- What is
the structure that is similar in all 20 amino acids (draw). What is a
functional group (side chain)?
- Demonstrate
by using drawings how Serine would form a bond with Lysine. What is this kind of bond called? How does a polypeptide form?
- Briefly
describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quartenary
structure of proteins. Why is this
3-D shape important to the functioning of proteins?
- What is
the name for many monosaccharides linked
together?
- What are
the main polysaccharides found in plants?
What are their functions?
What are the equivalent molecules found in animals?
- What is
the basic structure of a nucleotide?
- How do
nucleotides link to form nucleic acid?
- What are
the four bases that make up DNA?